What Are Cavities?
Cavities, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, are permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny holes. They occur when bacteria in your mouth produce acids that attack tooth enamel. These bacteria thrive on sugary and starchy foods, forming a sticky film called plaque that clings to teeth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, the acids in plaque gradually dissolve tooth enamel, creating cavities that can eventually reach the inner layers of the tooth, causing pain, infection, and even tooth loss.
Risk Factors for Cavity Formation
Several factors increase your risk of developing cavities. Poor oral hygiene is the primary culprit, as inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up. Frequent snacking and sipping sugary beverages provide constant fuel for acid-producing bacteria. Certain medical conditions and medications that reduce saliva flow can increase risk, as saliva helps wash away food particles and neutralize acids. Additionally, genetic factors can make some people more susceptible to tooth decay, even with proper care. Children and older adults face higher risks due to developing or receding enamel protection.
Effective Prevention Strategies
Preventing cavities requires a consistent oral hygiene routine. Brush your teeth at least twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, which strengthens tooth enamel and makes it more resistant to acid attacks. Floss daily to remove plaque from between teeth and below the gumline where your toothbrush can’t reach. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings every six months help catch early signs of decay and remove hardened plaque (tartar) that can’t be eliminated by brushing alone. Consider dental sealants—protective plastic coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of back teeth—especially for children.
Dietary Choices for Dental Health
Your diet plays a crucial role in cavity prevention. Limit sugary foods and drinks, especially those that stick to teeth or that you consume between meals. When you do indulge, try to do so with meals when saliva production is higher to help neutralize acids. Choose tooth-friendly foods like fresh fruits and vegetables, which stimulate saliva flow, and dairy products that provide calcium and phosphates to remineralize enamel. Drinking water, particularly fluoridated water, helps wash away food particles and keeps your mouth hydrated. Consider chewing sugar-free gum after meals to increase saliva flow when brushing isn’t possible.